Chemistry

Absolute zero:  the coldest possible tempreture, OK or 273 C
Accuracy measure of the amount a value differs from the true value
Acid:  a substaacnce that cotians hyrogen and yeilds hyrogen ion in water
Actinie series: Elements with atomic number from 89 and 103
Activited complex: the temporary usualabe, intermediate union of the reaction
Activation energy:  the minimum amount of enegry needed to produce an activated complex
Addition reaction: a reaction in organic chemistry in which atoms are added to a compound at the site of double or triple bonds.
Alcohols:  a family of organic compound in which the functional group is hyfroxy or OH group
Aldahydes the orgnic series with CHO as the functional group

Aliphatic relating to organic compounds having an open chain structure
Alkanes: the family of alphatic hyrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n +2 also
   Called methane or paraffin family
Alkenes: the family of aliphatic hyhrocarbon having the general formula CnH2n
Alkynes the family of alophatic hydrocarbons having formula cnhan s alsoc called the acetylene family
Allotrope a different physical form of an element with deferent properties
Alpha decay the spontaneous emision of an alpha particle by a nucleus
Apha particle: a lehium nucleud that is 2 protons 2 neutrons 4/2 HE
Amines: organic compounds with NH2 as a fuctional group
Amorphous: solid a soldid which soes not have a crystalline structure
Amphiprtic: relating to a subtancce, which can donate or accept a protin in a reaction
Anion: anegatively charge ion.
Anode: the electrode at which oxidation takes place.
Aromatic: relating to ring compounds in organic chemistry
Arrhenum acid:  a subtance, which yields the hyronuim ion in water solition.
Atomic mass: the average of the naturally occuring isotopes on an element.
Atomic mass units a realtive mass scale with a basic unit of 1/12 the mass of carbon 12
Atomic numbers the num, ber of the protons with a basic unit of 1/12 the mass of carbon
Atomic radius a measure of one half the distance between two nuclei in the solid phase.
Avogadro’s hypothesis: equal volumes of gases, when measured under the same condition of tempreture; contain the some numbere of molecules
Avogadro’s number the number of particles n a moles of a compound
Base: subtance wich yeilds hydroxide ions in solution, a protins acceptor
Beta decay: natural radioactivity in which beta particles are emitted form the nucleus of a radioactive element, cuasing an increase in the atomic number
Beta particles: hight energy elections
Binding energy: the enegry that holds together the protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus
Bohr Model of the Atom: a model of the atom that pictures the nucleus or the center of the arom and electrons in fixed orbits similar to the solar system.
Boiling point:  the tempreture at which vaporization can occur any where in luquid.
Boyle’s law >the volume of a given mass of a gas varies inversely with the presure (tempreture in constand
V2/v1=P1/P2
Bronsted acid: a proton donor
Bronsted base: a proton acceptor


Calorie one kilocalorie, a thousand calories.
Calorimeter: a device used to measure the hear given off or absort during a recation.
Carboxyl groups the COOH funtional group of organatic acids.
Catalyst: a substace that change the speed of a chemical reaction without itself 
With out it self-being change.
Catenation: the bonding toghter of identical atoms to form chains or rings,very common
    Very common carbon
Cathode: the electrode at wich reduction takes place 
Cathode ray: electron emmitte from cathode
Cation: a positively changed ION
Celsius scale: the centigrade thermometer scale.
Charles’ law: the volume given mass of a gas varies directly with Kelvin temperature (pressure it constant   V1/V2 T1/T2 
Colligative: those properties of solutions that depend on number rather then on nature of
   Particles
Compound:  a subtance composed of two or more elements chemically united in defenite
   Proporstion by weight
Condensation: the change of a vapor into liquid with an accompanying release of heat
Covalent bond: the sharing of a pair of electrons between two nuclei
Crystal: a solid whose atoms, ion. Or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern.


D

Decomoposition: a chemical reaction in which a complex substance breaks down to form    simplers substances
Density: the weight per unit volume solids and liquids are usaully expressed in g/cm
   Gasses in g/1
Diagramtic: materials that are repelled by a magnetic field
Dihydroxy alcohol: an alchohol having two OH group also called glycols
Dipole: a molecule having posively and nagetively charged sites
Dissociation: separation of IONs from a crystalline solid in solution.



Electrode: a conductor in an electrical cell by which current enters or leaves an electroclyte
Electrolysis: the decomposition of substance throught the use of electricity
Electrolyte: a substance that in solution can conduct an electric current
Electron: a negatively charged particular in an atom, which has the mass of 1/1840
   of proton.
Electron affinity: the amount of energy liberated when an electron is added to a neutral
   Gaseous atom.
Electronegativity: a meaasure of the attraction of a nucleous for an electron
Element: a pure substance, which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means
Ampirical formula: the simplest whole number ratio of the elements in a compound