I think you will find that the main reason women choose to have C-sections is because women’s experiences of childbirth have changed dramatically. For many, the chances of having a normal birth, that is one without medical intervention, are slim. Childbirth has become an increasingly medicalised occurrence whereby the majority of women no longer experience or have knowledge of what it is to give birth to their baby without interference. Several explanations have been put forward to justify the medicalisation of childbirth. Concerns with safety, defensive medical practice and the concept of women's choice are particularly significant.
The medical model of childbirth assumes that the female body is always ready to fail. Indeed, childbirth is seen as a highly risky business. The majority of women who give birth in hospital do so because they assume that a hospital birth is safest. However, all the research evidence that exists demonstrates that, for a healthy woman with a normal pregnancy, a planned home birth is as safe as a hospital birth (BirthChoiceUK, 2005). In spite of this research evidence, not everybody agrees, and many health care professionals insist on claiming that a medicalised hospital birth is still the safest option.
The report, Changing Childbirth, enshrined the concept of 'choice' within the maternity services of the UK and it has been suggested that the increased medicalisation of childbirth can be attributed to the kinds of choices that women themselves make. For example, it has been argued that an increasing number of women are choosing a caesarean birth. Whilst this is true, it is worth noting that only seven per cent of caesareans are performed at maternal request (RCOG, 2001). Many have argued that choice in childbirth is merely an illusion and that we often talk about choice as though it were the single most important factor when thinking about women's experiences of birth. But when medical interventions are presented as routine and when women are encouraged to make 'choices' that will be better for their babies, then it is easy to see how women's choices are being managed within a medical model of childbirth.
We live in a world where we no longer really believe that women can give birth without pharmaceutical, technological or medical interventions. Shulamith Firestone (1979) once compared giving birth to 'shitting a pumpkin' and, yes, childbirth hurts - a lot - but it is nonetheless a normal, everyday event for many women all around the globe. The routine medicalisation of childbirth robs women, midwives, and society, of the knowledge and experience of what it is to have a normal birth. If we are to turn back the tide on the medicalisation of birth it is important that we recognise the place of technology in today's world. We must, however, remember that giving birth is a normal physiological process and that the majority of women - given a chance - can achieve a normal birth without intervention.
Source: A medical procedure? By Sarah Earle