Breastfeeding Practice in Bulamarer/Kuntuwarie District/Lower

[dr-awale]

                                       





                         Department community health /faculty of medicine 
                                             Benadir university
                                             Mogadisho City
                                                 Somalia.
Prepared by senior students:-                                       Tutor:-
1.Mohe’d Abdullahi Awale                           Dr:- Abdullqadir Mohe’d Hasan
2.Mohe’d Moh’ud Omar(Arab)                                   
3.Abdullahi Abdiaziz Farah.




Contents
   

       
                                                                                                Pages
Introduction                                                                                                     1
Subjects and methods                                                                                       2
Results                                                                                                              3
Table 1(Rate of breastfeeding)                                                                         4
Table2 (socio-demography)                                                                              5
Table 3(Variables influencing)                                                                         6
Discusssion and Acknowledgement                                                                 7
Reference                                                                                                          8
 





























Introduction .


The various research observation of breast milk of human being in the world wide proved that they are:-
1.   Safe, clean, sterile, optimal temperature, no time for preparation suitable for the baby digestion and assimilation, containing defence factors (IgA, IgG, and IgM, and macrophage , lymphocyte),also contain antibody inhibit in the growth of E.coli and Giardia lamblia, and  amount of lactoferrin( iron binding protein )
2.   Breast milk fat contains 60% essential un saturated fatty acids, linoliec acid may help development of brain in early life.
3.   Taurine , cystine and tryptophan are in higher concentration in breast milk which are essential for optimal brain develop also contains tropic factors and nerve growth factor, which arborization of sympathetic neurons.
4.   breast feeding probably lessens the risk of necrotizing entercolites.
5.   breast milk contains optimum concentration of salts and minerals , which  do not put a load on newborn’s kidney.
6.    breast fed babies have a lower incidence of infection particularly respiratory and GIT and contains a bifidus factor, which help in the growth of lactobacillus bifidus.
For the reason mentioned above make breast milk ideal for human infant compared to other  types of milk , if taken the amount and duration needed,
which  well nourishes the infants and offer better health  benefits.
WHO and UNICEF lunched the BFHI in 1991, in order to achieve a successful breast feeding globally by the year 2000.
Somalia is not included this project which support exclusive breast feeding with the objectives of reducing infant malnutrition , morbidity, mortality as well as promoting the health of mother. in order to design promotional activity and set national goals,breast feeding rate in our country ,is needed to assess. so faculty of medicine of Benadir University applied this study in order to identify the level of factors influencing breast feeding practices. These study is firs tof it’s type to do in our country.
Among mothers of children aged 0-24months was undertaken in bulo marer village of kuntuwarie district in lower shabelle regionin Somalia where there is no influence of promoting breast feeding practices and life heterogenous community.







Subjects and methods


Area of study
Bulamarer/ kuntuwarie district/lower shabelle /Somalia  was used for the study ,principally  because its heterogenous  inhibitants 

Sample and sampling technique
200 mothers were chosen  randomly by the researchers visiting home to home  according  to these criterias:-
1.   current breast feeding of children (0-24months) .
2.   age of the mothers (15-45yrs).

Aim of the Research
I.   to  seek respondent ‘s opinions of breast feeding.
II.   To asses the acceptability  to respond the questionnaire.

Research instrument 
1.    Researchers: - senior students ,in public health clerkship of faculty of medicine and surgery , Banadir University .
2.   Questionnaire:- consist of two section A(dealt with socio-demography), and B(dealt with elicited information relevant to the research trust) of 15 items which was content validated in the Banadir university.
The questionnaire   were completed by the researchers   because the respondents have not formal educational base.
The quessionair consisted of 16 items which was content validated in Benadir University .
 
Data collection and statistical analysis
The researchers them selves administrated and collected data from the respondents, visiting home to home every day for 18 consecutive days to complete their questionnaire.
The quessionnair was completed by the researcher ,because the respondents were a illiterate .
The classified variables were presented in percentile, where  as the influential variables presented as Mean±standard deviation(s.d) using excel based on a 5-point scale. The ratings were interpreted as: above 4.50,influential,3.50-4.50 moderately influential ,and below 3.50 not influential.







Results

Rate of breastfeeding practices
Table 1 shows the rate of breastfeeding practice of the participants . the majority of the women (69%)breastfeed,and the remaining 31% not breastfeeding, the main reasons given for not breastfeeding were ill health and becoming pregnant.
Of the 69%that practiced breastfeeding, only 13.5%exclusively breastfeed their infants up to7-12 months.
43.5 had  added glucose water, while 12%,3.5% and 9% added fresh cow/goat ,fresh camel and formula respectively.
36%made a decision to feed thier babies during pregnancy period.
Mostly (61%) the mothers in the study born their babies after EDD(expected date delivery).
The weaning period of  these infants was 7-12months .


Characteristics of participants
The social and life style characteristics of the participants are presented in table2, with respect to age, participants was highest amongst mothers 20-35yrs.
84%of the participants had illiterate ,79.5% are not currently employed.
In total 61%earned above are  $15monthly, 37.5 and 1.5%,earned $6-$10 and less than $5 respectively.


Variables influencing breastfeeding
Possible variables that may have influence breastfeeding practices were measured and reported in table 3. the variables of interest were age of mother, education, monthly income, working,and outside influence of decision of breastfeeding.
Education(illiteracy),age and working was the moderately influential factor and the least was outside influence of decision of breast feeding.














Table 1.rate of breastfeeding practices
Level                                                                         N                                        %                                                                                  200                                    100                         
Breastfeeding                                                          138                                       69   Not Breastfeeding                                                     62                                       31Type (breastfeeding)·   Breastmilk exclusive                                  27                                       13.5·   Breast milkwithü   Colostrums                                      0                                         0ü   Formula                                         18                                         9ü   Glucose with water                       87                                        43.5ü   Dates                                               0                                         0ü   Fresh Cow/Goat                             24                                       12ü   Fresh Camel                                    7                                        3.5ü   Others                                             37                                    18.5Reason stopped breastfeeding v   Baby concern                                               17                                     27.4v   No support                                                     1                                       1.6v   Work related                                                  5                                       8.06v   Pain or discomfort of breast                          8                                      12.9v   Not interested                                                3                                        4.8v   Others                                                          28                                       45.16Decision to feed babya.   Before this pregnancy                     59                                      29.5b.   During this pregnancy                    72                                      36c.   When baby was born                      69                                      34.5Baby Born in terms(due date)       Yes                                                                        61                                   30.5       No                                                                                                                                                                   After a week                                                      122                                   61         Before a week                                                    17                                   8.5First time to introduce solid                 <1month                                                     0                                     0                2-6months                                                89                                  44.5                7-12months                                             108                                 54                 >12months                                                 3                                   1.5Influence of Breastfeeding                                                     Husband                                                  91                                  45.5                 Relative/friends                                      21                                  10.5                   Health professional                                 3                                     1.5                 Religious leader                                    22                                      11                  Others                                                   63                                      31.5   






Table 2. socio-demography of respondents



Variable                                                    N                                         %                                                                 200                                       100
Age(yrs)<20                                                           41                                         20.520-35                                                      139                                         69.5>35yr                                                        20                                         10Education   Primary                                                   29                                          14.5  Intermediate                                              1                                           0.5  Secondary                                                 2                                           1  None                                                     168                                            84Are you working   Yes                                                          41                                          20.5  No                                                         159                                          79.5Income monthly in (Bulo)   <$5                                                          3                                            1.5    $6-$10                                                  75                                          37.5                                                                                                         >$15                                                   122                                          61

































Variable                                          Mean(±SD)                          Remark                                                                                                         
Age  of Mother                                 3.4(±0.                           Moderately InfluentialEducation                                          4.2(±0.9)                          InfluentialMonthly Income                               3.05(±0.78)                      Moderately  Influential Working                                            3.96(±0.89)                       Influential Outside influence                              Of decision of                                Breastfeeding                                    2.29(±0.6)                       Not Influential 




Table 3. Variables Influencing Breastfeeding



















Discussion


The present study provides the level and influencing factors on breastfeeding practice of women resident in bulo marer and it’s surrounding villages,Somalia.
Women in the study were randomly selected home to home visiting completely the criteria,the result of this study may not be generalized to represent the whole  Somalia ;because of the diffeferent cultural behavior and characteristics of the environment.
The majority of the women (54%)donot believe breastfeeding beyond 7-12months. The reason given was breast milk is not sufficient for the baby.
The results of this study have shown that although the practice of breastfeeding may seem high, exclusive breastfeeding is still marginal.
Exclusive breastfeeding is meant by even when water is given to child.



Acknowledgements


Special thanks to DR:Abdulqadir Mohe’d Hasan ,the head of Hayat hospital ,bulo marer/kontuwarei district/lower shabelle /Somalia ,for his assistance and support.
And DR: Ali Shot  for offering us typing and printing in his office  .



















References
 
Lilian Salami, factor of in fluencing breastfeeding practice , in edo state, nageria
Dr Tirthankar Data,principle of pediatrics.
Robert Berkow  M.D , editor,the MERCK MANUEL of diagnosis and therapy.